"""High-level OpenClaw session, admin, agent, and coordination services."""

from __future__ import annotations

import asyncio
import json
import logging
import re
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable, Iterable
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import UTC, datetime
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Protocol, TypeVar
from uuid import UUID, uuid4

from fastapi import HTTPException, Request, status
from sqlalchemy import asc, or_
from sqlmodel import col, select
from sse_starlette.sse import EventSourceResponse

from app.core.agent_tokens import generate_agent_token, hash_agent_token
from app.core.auth import AuthContext
from app.core.config import settings
from app.core.time import utcnow
from app.db import crud
from app.db.pagination import paginate
from app.db.session import async_session_maker
from app.integrations.openclaw_gateway import GatewayConfig as GatewayClientConfig
from app.integrations.openclaw_gateway import (
    OpenClawGatewayError,
    ensure_session,
    get_chat_history,
    openclaw_call,
    send_message,
)
from app.models.activity_events import ActivityEvent
from app.models.agents import Agent
from app.models.approvals import Approval
from app.models.board_onboarding import BoardOnboardingSession
from app.models.boards import Board
from app.models.gateways import Gateway
from app.models.organizations import Organization
from app.models.tasks import Task
from app.schemas.agents import (
    AgentCreate,
    AgentHeartbeat,
    AgentHeartbeatCreate,
    AgentRead,
    AgentUpdate,
)
from app.schemas.common import OkResponse
from app.schemas.gateway_api import (
    GatewayResolveQuery,
    GatewaySessionHistoryResponse,
    GatewaySessionMessageRequest,
    GatewaySessionResponse,
    GatewaySessionsResponse,
    GatewaysStatusResponse,
)
from app.schemas.gateway_coordination import (
    GatewayLeadBroadcastBoardResult,
    GatewayLeadBroadcastRequest,
    GatewayLeadBroadcastResponse,
    GatewayLeadMessageRequest,
    GatewayLeadMessageResponse,
    GatewayMainAskUserRequest,
    GatewayMainAskUserResponse,
)
from app.schemas.gateways import GatewayTemplatesSyncResult
from app.services.activity_log import record_activity
from app.services.openclaw.constants import (
    AGENT_SESSION_PREFIX,
    DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG,
    OFFLINE_AFTER,
)
from app.services.openclaw.exceptions import (
    GatewayOperation,
    map_gateway_error_message,
    map_gateway_error_to_http_exception,
)
from app.services.openclaw.provisioning import (
    AgentProvisionRequest,
    GatewayTemplateSyncOptions,
    LeadAgentOptions,
    LeadAgentRequest,
    MainAgentProvisionRequest,
    ProvisionOptions,
    _agent_key,
    _with_coordination_gateway_retry,
    cleanup_agent,
    ensure_board_lead_agent,
    provision_agent,
    provision_main_agent,
    sync_gateway_templates,
)
from app.services.openclaw.shared import (
    GatewayAgentIdentity,
    require_gateway_config_for_board,
    resolve_trace_id,
    send_gateway_agent_message,
)
from app.services.organizations import (
    OrganizationContext,
    get_active_membership,
    has_board_access,
    is_org_admin,
    list_accessible_board_ids,
    require_board_access,
)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from collections.abc import AsyncIterator, Sequence

    from fastapi_pagination.limit_offset import LimitOffsetPage
    from sqlalchemy.sql.elements import ColumnElement
    from sqlmodel.ext.asyncio.session import AsyncSession
    from sqlmodel.sql.expression import SelectOfScalar

    from app.models.users import User


_T = TypeVar("_T")


@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class GatewayTemplateSyncQuery:
    """Sync options parsed from query args for gateway template operations."""

    include_main: bool
    reset_sessions: bool
    rotate_tokens: bool
    force_bootstrap: bool
    board_id: UUID | None


class GatewaySessionService:
    """Read/query gateway runtime session state for user-facing APIs."""

    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = session
        self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    @property
    def session(self) -> AsyncSession:
        return self._session

    @session.setter
    def session(self, value: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = value

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return self._logger

    @logger.setter
    def logger(self, value: logging.Logger) -> None:
        self._logger = value

    @staticmethod
    def to_resolve_query(
        board_id: str | None,
        gateway_url: str | None,
        gateway_token: str | None,
    ) -> GatewayResolveQuery:
        return GatewayResolveQuery(
            board_id=board_id,
            gateway_url=gateway_url,
            gateway_token=gateway_token,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def as_object_list(value: object) -> list[object]:
        if value is None:
            return []
        if isinstance(value, list):
            return value
        if isinstance(value, (tuple, set)):
            return list(value)
        if isinstance(value, (str, bytes, dict)):
            return []
        if isinstance(value, Iterable):
            return list(value)
        return []

    async def resolve_gateway(
        self,
        params: GatewayResolveQuery,
        *,
        user: User | None = None,
    ) -> tuple[Board | None, GatewayClientConfig, str | None]:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.resolve.start board_id=%s gateway_url=%s",
            params.board_id,
            params.gateway_url,
        )
        if params.gateway_url:
            return (
                None,
                GatewayClientConfig(url=params.gateway_url, token=params.gateway_token),
                None,
            )
        if not params.board_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="board_id or gateway_url is required",
            )
        board = await Board.objects.by_id(params.board_id).first(self.session)
        if board is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
                detail="Board not found",
            )
        if user is not None:
            await require_board_access(self.session, user=user, board=board, write=False)
        if not board.gateway_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Board gateway_id is required",
            )
        gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(board.gateway_id).first(self.session)
        if gateway is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Board gateway_id is invalid",
            )
        if not gateway.url:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway url is required",
            )
        main_agent = (
            await Agent.objects.filter_by(gateway_id=gateway.id)
            .filter(col(Agent.board_id).is_(None))
            .first(self.session)
        )
        main_session = main_agent.openclaw_session_id if main_agent else None
        return (
            board,
            GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token),
            main_session,
        )

    async def require_gateway(
        self,
        board_id: str | None,
        *,
        user: User | None = None,
    ) -> tuple[Board, GatewayClientConfig, str | None]:
        params = GatewayResolveQuery(board_id=board_id)
        board, config, main_session = await self.resolve_gateway(params, user=user)
        if board is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="board_id is required",
            )
        return board, config, main_session

    async def list_sessions(self, config: GatewayClientConfig) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        sessions = await openclaw_call("sessions.list", config=config)
        if isinstance(sessions, dict):
            raw_items = self.as_object_list(sessions.get("sessions"))
        else:
            raw_items = self.as_object_list(sessions)
        return [item for item in raw_items if isinstance(item, dict)]

    async def with_main_session(
        self,
        sessions_list: list[dict[str, object]],
        *,
        config: GatewayClientConfig,
        main_session: str | None,
    ) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
        if not main_session or any(item.get("key") == main_session for item in sessions_list):
            return sessions_list
        try:
            await ensure_session(main_session, config=config, label="Gateway Agent")
            return await self.list_sessions(config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError:
            return sessions_list

    @staticmethod
    def _require_same_org(board: Board | None, organization_id: UUID) -> None:
        if board is not None and board.organization_id != organization_id:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

    async def get_status(
        self,
        *,
        params: GatewayResolveQuery,
        organization_id: UUID,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> GatewaysStatusResponse:
        board, config, main_session = await self.resolve_gateway(params, user=user)
        self._require_same_org(board, organization_id)
        try:
            sessions = await openclaw_call("sessions.list", config=config)
            if isinstance(sessions, dict):
                sessions_list = self.as_object_list(sessions.get("sessions"))
            else:
                sessions_list = self.as_object_list(sessions)
            main_session_entry: object | None = None
            main_session_error: str | None = None
            if main_session:
                try:
                    ensured = await ensure_session(
                        main_session,
                        config=config,
                        label="Gateway Agent",
                    )
                    if isinstance(ensured, dict):
                        main_session_entry = ensured.get("entry") or ensured
                except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
                    main_session_error = str(exc)
            return GatewaysStatusResponse(
                connected=True,
                gateway_url=config.url,
                sessions_count=len(sessions_list),
                sessions=sessions_list,
                main_session=main_session_entry,
                main_session_error=main_session_error,
            )
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            return GatewaysStatusResponse(
                connected=False,
                gateway_url=config.url,
                error=str(exc),
            )

    async def get_sessions(
        self,
        *,
        board_id: str | None,
        organization_id: UUID,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> GatewaySessionsResponse:
        params = GatewayResolveQuery(board_id=board_id)
        board, config, main_session = await self.resolve_gateway(params, user=user)
        self._require_same_org(board, organization_id)
        try:
            sessions = await openclaw_call("sessions.list", config=config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail=str(exc),
            ) from exc
        if isinstance(sessions, dict):
            sessions_list = self.as_object_list(sessions.get("sessions"))
        else:
            sessions_list = self.as_object_list(sessions)

        main_session_entry: object | None = None
        if main_session:
            try:
                ensured = await ensure_session(
                    main_session,
                    config=config,
                    label="Gateway Agent",
                )
                if isinstance(ensured, dict):
                    main_session_entry = ensured.get("entry") or ensured
            except OpenClawGatewayError:
                main_session_entry = None
        return GatewaySessionsResponse(sessions=sessions_list, main_session=main_session_entry)

    async def get_session(
        self,
        *,
        session_id: str,
        board_id: str | None,
        organization_id: UUID,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> GatewaySessionResponse:
        params = GatewayResolveQuery(board_id=board_id)
        board, config, main_session = await self.resolve_gateway(params, user=user)
        self._require_same_org(board, organization_id)
        try:
            sessions_list = await self.list_sessions(config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail=str(exc),
            ) from exc
        sessions_list = await self.with_main_session(
            sessions_list,
            config=config,
            main_session=main_session,
        )
        session_entry = next(
            (item for item in sessions_list if item.get("key") == session_id), None
        )
        if session_entry is None and main_session and session_id == main_session:
            try:
                ensured = await ensure_session(
                    main_session,
                    config=config,
                    label="Gateway Agent",
                )
                if isinstance(ensured, dict):
                    session_entry = ensured.get("entry") or ensured
            except OpenClawGatewayError:
                session_entry = None
        if session_entry is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
                detail="Session not found",
            )
        return GatewaySessionResponse(session=session_entry)

    async def get_session_history(
        self,
        *,
        session_id: str,
        board_id: str | None,
        organization_id: UUID,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> GatewaySessionHistoryResponse:
        board, config, _ = await self.require_gateway(board_id, user=user)
        self._require_same_org(board, organization_id)
        try:
            history = await get_chat_history(session_id, config=config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail=str(exc),
            ) from exc
        if isinstance(history, dict) and isinstance(history.get("messages"), list):
            return GatewaySessionHistoryResponse(history=history["messages"])
        return GatewaySessionHistoryResponse(history=self.as_object_list(history))

    async def send_session_message(
        self,
        *,
        session_id: str,
        payload: GatewaySessionMessageRequest,
        board_id: str | None,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> None:
        board, config, main_session = await self.require_gateway(board_id, user=user)
        if user is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
        await require_board_access(self.session, user=user, board=board, write=True)
        try:
            if main_session and session_id == main_session:
                await ensure_session(main_session, config=config, label="Gateway Agent")
            await send_message(payload.content, session_key=session_id, config=config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail=str(exc),
            ) from exc


class AbstractGatewayMainAgentManager(ABC):
    """Abstract manager for gateway-main agent naming/profile behavior."""

    @abstractmethod
    def build_main_agent_name(self, gateway: Gateway) -> str:
        raise NotImplementedError

    @abstractmethod
    def build_identity_profile(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        raise NotImplementedError


class DefaultGatewayMainAgentManager(AbstractGatewayMainAgentManager):
    """Default naming/profile strategy for gateway-main agents."""

    def build_main_agent_name(self, gateway: Gateway) -> str:
        return f"{gateway.name} Gateway Agent"

    def build_identity_profile(self) -> dict[str, str]:
        return {
            "role": "Gateway Agent",
            "communication_style": "direct, concise, practical",
            "emoji": ":compass:",
        }


class GatewayAdminLifecycleService:
    """Write-side gateway lifecycle service (CRUD, main agent, template sync)."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        session: AsyncSession,
        *,
        main_agent_manager: AbstractGatewayMainAgentManager | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        self._session = session
        self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
        self._main_agent_manager = main_agent_manager or DefaultGatewayMainAgentManager()

    @property
    def session(self) -> AsyncSession:
        return self._session

    @session.setter
    def session(self, value: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = value

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return self._logger

    @logger.setter
    def logger(self, value: logging.Logger) -> None:
        self._logger = value

    @property
    def main_agent_manager(self) -> AbstractGatewayMainAgentManager:
        return self._main_agent_manager

    @main_agent_manager.setter
    def main_agent_manager(self, value: AbstractGatewayMainAgentManager) -> None:
        self._main_agent_manager = value

    async def require_gateway(
        self,
        *,
        gateway_id: UUID,
        organization_id: UUID,
    ) -> Gateway:
        gateway = (
            await Gateway.objects.by_id(gateway_id)
            .filter(col(Gateway.organization_id) == organization_id)
            .first(self.session)
        )
        if gateway is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
                detail="Gateway not found",
            )
        return gateway

    async def find_main_agent(self, gateway: Gateway) -> Agent | None:
        return (
            await Agent.objects.filter_by(gateway_id=gateway.id)
            .filter(col(Agent.board_id).is_(None))
            .first(self.session)
        )

    @staticmethod
    def extract_agent_id_from_entry(item: object) -> str | None:
        if isinstance(item, str):
            value = item.strip()
            return value or None
        if not isinstance(item, dict):
            return None
        for key in ("id", "agentId", "agent_id"):
            raw = item.get(key)
            if isinstance(raw, str) and raw.strip():
                return raw.strip()
        return None

    @staticmethod
    def extract_agents_list(payload: object) -> list[object]:
        if isinstance(payload, list):
            return [item for item in payload]
        if not isinstance(payload, dict):
            return []
        agents = payload.get("agents") or []
        if not isinstance(agents, list):
            return []
        return [item for item in agents]

    async def upsert_main_agent_record(self, gateway: Gateway) -> tuple[Agent, bool]:
        changed = False
        session_key = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway)
        agent = await self.find_main_agent(gateway)
        main_agent_name = self.main_agent_manager.build_main_agent_name(gateway)
        identity_profile = self.main_agent_manager.build_identity_profile()
        if agent is None:
            agent = Agent(
                name=main_agent_name,
                status="provisioning",
                board_id=None,
                gateway_id=gateway.id,
                is_board_lead=False,
                openclaw_session_id=session_key,
                heartbeat_config=DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy(),
                identity_profile=identity_profile,
            )
            self.session.add(agent)
            changed = True
        if agent.board_id is not None:
            agent.board_id = None
            changed = True
        if agent.gateway_id != gateway.id:
            agent.gateway_id = gateway.id
            changed = True
        if agent.is_board_lead:
            agent.is_board_lead = False
            changed = True
        if agent.name != main_agent_name:
            agent.name = main_agent_name
            changed = True
        if agent.openclaw_session_id != session_key:
            agent.openclaw_session_id = session_key
            changed = True
        if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
            agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
            changed = True
        if agent.identity_profile is None:
            agent.identity_profile = identity_profile
            changed = True
        if not agent.status:
            agent.status = "provisioning"
            changed = True
        if changed:
            agent.updated_at = utcnow()
            self.session.add(agent)
        return agent, changed

    async def gateway_has_main_agent_entry(self, gateway: Gateway) -> bool:
        if not gateway.url:
            return False
        config = GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)
        target_id = GatewayAgentIdentity.openclaw_agent_id(gateway)
        try:
            payload = await openclaw_call("agents.list", config=config)
        except OpenClawGatewayError:
            return True
        for item in self.extract_agents_list(payload):
            if self.extract_agent_id_from_entry(item) == target_id:
                return True
        return False

    async def provision_main_agent_record(
        self,
        gateway: Gateway,
        agent: Agent,
        *,
        user: User | None,
        action: str,
        notify: bool,
    ) -> Agent:
        session_key = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway)
        raw_token = generate_agent_token()
        agent.agent_token_hash = hash_agent_token(raw_token)
        agent.provision_requested_at = utcnow()
        agent.provision_action = action
        agent.updated_at = utcnow()
        if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
            agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        if not gateway.url:
            return agent
        try:
            await provision_main_agent(
                agent,
                MainAgentProvisionRequest(
                    gateway=gateway,
                    auth_token=raw_token,
                    user=user,
                    session_key=session_key,
                    options=ProvisionOptions(action=action),
                ),
            )
            await ensure_session(
                session_key,
                config=GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token),
                label=agent.name,
            )
            if notify:
                await send_message(
                    (
                        f"Hello {agent.name}. Your gateway provisioning was updated.\n\n"
                        "Please re-read AGENTS.md, USER.md, HEARTBEAT.md, and TOOLS.md. "
                        "If BOOTSTRAP.md exists, run it once then delete it. "
                        "Begin heartbeats after startup."
                    ),
                    session_key=session_key,
                    config=GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token),
                    deliver=True,
                )
            self.logger.info(
                "gateway.main_agent.provision_success gateway_id=%s agent_id=%s action=%s",
                gateway.id,
                agent.id,
                action,
            )
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            self.logger.warning(
                "gateway.main_agent.provision_failed_gateway gateway_id=%s agent_id=%s error=%s",
                gateway.id,
                agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
        except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError) as exc:
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.main_agent.provision_failed gateway_id=%s agent_id=%s error=%s",
                gateway.id,
                agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive fallback
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.main_agent.provision_failed_unexpected gateway_id=%s agent_id=%s "
                "error_type=%s error=%s",
                gateway.id,
                agent.id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
        return agent

    async def ensure_main_agent(
        self,
        gateway: Gateway,
        auth: AuthContext,
        *,
        action: str = "provision",
    ) -> Agent:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.main_agent.ensure.start gateway_id=%s action=%s",
            gateway.id,
            action,
        )
        agent, _ = await self.upsert_main_agent_record(gateway)
        return await self.provision_main_agent_record(
            gateway,
            agent,
            user=auth.user,
            action=action,
            notify=True,
        )

    async def ensure_gateway_agents_exist(self, gateways: list[Gateway]) -> None:
        for gateway in gateways:
            agent, gateway_changed = await self.upsert_main_agent_record(gateway)
            has_gateway_entry = await self.gateway_has_main_agent_entry(gateway)
            needs_provision = (
                gateway_changed or not bool(agent.agent_token_hash) or not has_gateway_entry
            )
            if needs_provision:
                await self.provision_main_agent_record(
                    gateway,
                    agent,
                    user=None,
                    action="provision",
                    notify=False,
                )

    async def clear_agent_foreign_keys(self, *, agent_id: UUID) -> None:
        now = utcnow()
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            Task,
            col(Task.assigned_agent_id) == agent_id,
            col(Task.status) == "in_progress",
            assigned_agent_id=None,
            status="inbox",
            in_progress_at=None,
            updated_at=now,
            commit=False,
        )
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            Task,
            col(Task.assigned_agent_id) == agent_id,
            col(Task.status) != "in_progress",
            assigned_agent_id=None,
            updated_at=now,
            commit=False,
        )
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            ActivityEvent,
            col(ActivityEvent.agent_id) == agent_id,
            agent_id=None,
            commit=False,
        )
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            Approval,
            col(Approval.agent_id) == agent_id,
            agent_id=None,
            commit=False,
        )

    async def sync_templates(
        self,
        gateway: Gateway,
        *,
        query: GatewayTemplateSyncQuery,
        auth: AuthContext,
    ) -> GatewayTemplatesSyncResult:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.templates.sync.start gateway_id=%s include_main=%s",
            gateway.id,
            query.include_main,
        )
        await self.ensure_gateway_agents_exist([gateway])
        result = await sync_gateway_templates(
            self.session,
            gateway,
            GatewayTemplateSyncOptions(
                user=auth.user,
                include_main=query.include_main,
                reset_sessions=query.reset_sessions,
                rotate_tokens=query.rotate_tokens,
                force_bootstrap=query.force_bootstrap,
                board_id=query.board_id,
            ),
        )
        self.logger.info("gateway.templates.sync.success gateway_id=%s", gateway.id)
        return result


class ActorContextLike(Protocol):
    """Minimal actor context contract consumed by lifecycle APIs."""

    actor_type: Literal["user", "agent"]
    user: User | None
    agent: Agent | None


@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class AgentUpdateOptions:
    """Runtime options for update-and-reprovision flows."""

    force: bool
    user: User | None
    context: OrganizationContext


@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class AgentUpdateProvisionTarget:
    """Resolved target for an update provision operation."""

    is_main_agent: bool
    board: Board | None
    gateway: Gateway
    client_config: GatewayClientConfig


@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
class AgentUpdateProvisionRequest:
    """Provision request payload for agent updates."""

    target: AgentUpdateProvisionTarget
    raw_token: str
    user: User | None
    force_bootstrap: bool


class AbstractProvisionExecution(ABC):
    """Shared async execution contract for board/main agent provisioning actions."""

    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        service: AgentLifecycleService,
        agent: Agent,
        provision_request: AgentUpdateProvisionRequest,
        action: str,
        wakeup_verb: str,
        raise_gateway_errors: bool,
    ) -> None:
        self._service = service
        self._agent = agent
        self._request = provision_request
        self._action = action
        self._wakeup_verb = wakeup_verb
        self._raise_gateway_errors = raise_gateway_errors

    @property
    def agent(self) -> Agent:
        return self._agent

    @agent.setter
    def agent(self, value: Agent) -> None:
        if not isinstance(value, Agent):
            msg = "agent must be an Agent model"
            raise TypeError(msg)
        self._agent = value

    @property
    def request(self) -> AgentUpdateProvisionRequest:
        return self._request

    @request.setter
    def request(self, value: AgentUpdateProvisionRequest) -> None:
        if not isinstance(value, AgentUpdateProvisionRequest):
            msg = "request must be an AgentUpdateProvisionRequest"
            raise TypeError(msg)
        self._request = value

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return self._service.logger

    @abstractmethod
    async def _provision(self) -> None:
        raise NotImplementedError

    async def execute(self) -> None:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "agent.provision.start action=%s agent_id=%s target_main=%s",
            self._action,
            self.agent.id,
            self.request.target.is_main_agent,
        )
        try:
            await self._provision()
            await self._service.send_wakeup_message(
                self.agent,
                self.request.target.client_config,
                verb=self._wakeup_verb,
            )
            self.agent.provision_confirm_token_hash = None
            self.agent.provision_requested_at = None
            self.agent.provision_action = None
            self.agent.status = "online"
            self.agent.updated_at = utcnow()
            self._service.session.add(self.agent)
            await self._service.session.commit()
            record_activity(
                self._service.session,
                event_type=f"agent.{self._action}.direct",
                message=f"{self._action.capitalize()}d directly for {self.agent.name}.",
                agent_id=self.agent.id,
            )
            record_activity(
                self._service.session,
                event_type="agent.wakeup.sent",
                message=f"Wakeup message sent to {self.agent.name}.",
                agent_id=self.agent.id,
            )
            await self._service.session.commit()
            self.logger.info(
                "agent.provision.success action=%s agent_id=%s",
                self._action,
                self.agent.id,
            )
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            self._service.record_instruction_failure(
                self._service.session,
                self.agent,
                str(exc),
                self._action,
            )
            await self._service.session.commit()
            self.logger.error(
                "agent.provision.gateway_error action=%s agent_id=%s error=%s",
                self._action,
                self.agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            if self._raise_gateway_errors:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                    detail=f"Gateway {self._action} failed: {exc}",
                ) from exc
        except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError) as exc:  # pragma: no cover
            self._service.record_instruction_failure(
                self._service.session,
                self.agent,
                str(exc),
                self._action,
            )
            await self._service.session.commit()
            self.logger.critical(
                "agent.provision.runtime_error action=%s agent_id=%s error=%s",
                self._action,
                self.agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            if self._raise_gateway_errors:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                    detail=f"Unexpected error {self._action}ing agent provisioning.",
                ) from exc


class BoardAgentProvisionExecution(AbstractProvisionExecution):
    """Provision execution for board-scoped agents."""

    async def _provision(self) -> None:
        board = self.request.target.board
        if board is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                detail="board is required for non-main agent provisioning",
            )
        await provision_agent(
            self.agent,
            AgentProvisionRequest(
                board=board,
                gateway=self.request.target.gateway,
                auth_token=self.request.raw_token,
                user=self.request.user,
                options=ProvisionOptions(
                    action=self._action,
                    force_bootstrap=self.request.force_bootstrap,
                    reset_session=True,
                ),
            ),
        )


class MainAgentProvisionExecution(AbstractProvisionExecution):
    """Provision execution for gateway-main agents."""

    async def _provision(self) -> None:
        await provision_main_agent(
            self.agent,
            MainAgentProvisionRequest(
                gateway=self.request.target.gateway,
                auth_token=self.request.raw_token,
                user=self.request.user,
                session_key=self.agent.openclaw_session_id,
                options=ProvisionOptions(
                    action=self._action,
                    force_bootstrap=self.request.force_bootstrap,
                    reset_session=True,
                ),
            ),
        )


class AgentLifecycleService:
    """Async service encapsulating agent lifecycle behavior for API routes."""

    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = session
        self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    @property
    def session(self) -> AsyncSession:
        return self._session

    @session.setter
    def session(self, value: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = value

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return self._logger

    @logger.setter
    def logger(self, value: logging.Logger) -> None:
        self._logger = value

    @staticmethod
    def parse_since(value: str | None) -> datetime | None:
        if not value:
            return None
        normalized = value.strip()
        if not normalized:
            return None
        normalized = normalized.replace("Z", "+00:00")
        try:
            parsed = datetime.fromisoformat(normalized)
        except ValueError:
            return None
        if parsed.tzinfo is not None:
            return parsed.astimezone(UTC).replace(tzinfo=None)
        return parsed

    @staticmethod
    def slugify(value: str) -> str:
        slug = re.sub(r"[^a-z0-9]+", "-", value.lower()).strip("-")
        return slug or uuid4().hex

    @classmethod
    def build_session_key(cls, agent_name: str) -> str:
        return f"{AGENT_SESSION_PREFIX}:{cls.slugify(agent_name)}:main"

    @classmethod
    def workspace_path(cls, agent_name: str, workspace_root: str | None) -> str:
        if not workspace_root:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway workspace_root is required",
            )
        root = workspace_root.rstrip("/")
        return f"{root}/workspace-{cls.slugify(agent_name)}"

    async def require_board(
        self,
        board_id: UUID | str | None,
        *,
        user: User | None = None,
        write: bool = False,
    ) -> Board:
        if not board_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="board_id is required",
            )
        board = await Board.objects.by_id(board_id).first(self.session)
        if board is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
                detail="Board not found",
            )
        if user is not None:
            await require_board_access(self.session, user=user, board=board, write=write)
        return board

    async def require_gateway(
        self,
        board: Board,
    ) -> tuple[Gateway, GatewayClientConfig]:
        if not board.gateway_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Board gateway_id is required",
            )
        gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(board.gateway_id).first(self.session)
        if gateway is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Board gateway_id is invalid",
            )
        if gateway.organization_id != board.organization_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Board gateway_id is invalid",
            )
        if not gateway.url:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway url is required",
            )
        if not gateway.workspace_root:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway workspace_root is required",
            )
        return gateway, GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)

    @staticmethod
    def gateway_client_config(gateway: Gateway) -> GatewayClientConfig:
        if not gateway.url:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway url is required",
            )
        return GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)

    @staticmethod
    def is_gateway_main(agent: Agent) -> bool:
        return agent.board_id is None

    @classmethod
    def to_agent_read(cls, agent: Agent) -> AgentRead:
        model = AgentRead.model_validate(agent, from_attributes=True)
        return model.model_copy(
            update={"is_gateway_main": cls.is_gateway_main(agent)},
        )

    @staticmethod
    def coerce_agent_items(items: Sequence[Any]) -> list[Agent]:
        agents: list[Agent] = []
        for item in items:
            if not isinstance(item, Agent):
                msg = "Expected Agent items from paginated query"
                raise TypeError(msg)
            agents.append(item)
        return agents

    async def get_main_agent_gateway(self, agent: Agent) -> Gateway | None:
        if agent.board_id is not None:
            return None
        return await Gateway.objects.by_id(agent.gateway_id).first(self.session)

    async def ensure_gateway_session(
        self,
        agent_name: str,
        config: GatewayClientConfig,
    ) -> tuple[str, str | None]:
        session_key = self.build_session_key(agent_name)
        try:
            await ensure_session(session_key, config=config, label=agent_name)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            self.logger.warning(
                "agent.session.ensure_failed agent_name=%s error=%s",
                agent_name,
                str(exc),
            )
            return session_key, str(exc)
        return session_key, None

    @classmethod
    def with_computed_status(cls, agent: Agent) -> Agent:
        now = utcnow()
        if agent.status in {"deleting", "updating"}:
            return agent
        if agent.last_seen_at is None:
            agent.status = "provisioning"
        elif now - agent.last_seen_at > OFFLINE_AFTER:
            agent.status = "offline"
        return agent

    @classmethod
    def serialize_agent(cls, agent: Agent) -> dict[str, object]:
        return cls.to_agent_read(cls.with_computed_status(agent)).model_dump(mode="json")

    async def fetch_agent_events(
        self,
        board_id: UUID | None,
        since: datetime,
    ) -> list[Agent]:
        statement = select(Agent)
        if board_id:
            statement = statement.where(col(Agent.board_id) == board_id)
        statement = statement.where(
            or_(
                col(Agent.updated_at) >= since,
                col(Agent.last_seen_at) >= since,
            ),
        ).order_by(asc(col(Agent.updated_at)))
        return list(await self.session.exec(statement))

    async def require_user_context(self, user: User | None) -> OrganizationContext:
        if user is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED)
        member = await get_active_membership(self.session, user)
        if member is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        organization = await Organization.objects.by_id(member.organization_id).first(self.session)
        if organization is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        return OrganizationContext(organization=organization, member=member)

    async def require_agent_access(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
        write: bool,
    ) -> None:
        if agent.board_id is None:
            if not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
            gateway = await self.get_main_agent_gateway(agent)
            if gateway is None or gateway.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
            return

        board = await Board.objects.by_id(agent.board_id).first(self.session)
        if board is None or board.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        if not await has_board_access(self.session, member=ctx.member, board=board, write=write):
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

    @staticmethod
    def record_heartbeat(session: AsyncSession, agent: Agent) -> None:
        record_activity(
            session,
            event_type="agent.heartbeat",
            message=f"Heartbeat received from {agent.name}.",
            agent_id=agent.id,
        )

    @staticmethod
    def record_instruction_failure(
        session: AsyncSession,
        agent: Agent,
        error: str,
        action: str,
    ) -> None:
        action_label = action.replace("_", " ").capitalize()
        record_activity(
            session,
            event_type=f"agent.{action}.failed",
            message=f"{action_label} message failed: {error}",
            agent_id=agent.id,
        )

    async def coerce_agent_create_payload(
        self,
        payload: AgentCreate,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> AgentCreate:
        if actor.actor_type == "user":
            ctx = await self.require_user_context(actor.user)
            if not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
            return payload

        if actor.actor_type == "agent":
            if not actor.agent or not actor.agent.is_board_lead:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
                    detail="Only board leads can create agents",
                )
            if not actor.agent.board_id:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
                    detail="Board lead must be assigned to a board",
                )
            if payload.board_id and payload.board_id != actor.agent.board_id:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
                    detail="Board leads can only create agents in their own board",
                )
            return AgentCreate(**{**payload.model_dump(), "board_id": actor.agent.board_id})

        return payload

    async def ensure_unique_agent_name(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        gateway: Gateway,
        requested_name: str,
    ) -> None:
        if not requested_name:
            return

        existing = (
            await self.session.exec(
                select(Agent)
                .where(Agent.board_id == board.id)
                .where(col(Agent.name).ilike(requested_name)),
            )
        ).first()
        if existing:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
                detail="An agent with this name already exists on this board.",
            )

        existing_gateway = (
            await self.session.exec(
                select(Agent)
                .join(Board, col(Agent.board_id) == col(Board.id))
                .where(col(Board.gateway_id) == gateway.id)
                .where(col(Agent.name).ilike(requested_name)),
            )
        ).first()
        if existing_gateway:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
                detail="An agent with this name already exists in this gateway workspace.",
            )

        desired_session_key = self.build_session_key(requested_name)
        existing_session_key = (
            await self.session.exec(
                select(Agent)
                .join(Board, col(Agent.board_id) == col(Board.id))
                .where(col(Board.gateway_id) == gateway.id)
                .where(col(Agent.openclaw_session_id) == desired_session_key),
            )
        ).first()
        if existing_session_key:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT,
                detail=(
                    "This agent name would collide with an existing workspace "
                    "session key. Pick a different name."
                ),
            )

    async def persist_new_agent(
        self,
        *,
        data: dict[str, Any],
        client_config: GatewayClientConfig,
    ) -> tuple[Agent, str, str | None]:
        agent = Agent.model_validate(data)
        agent.status = "provisioning"
        raw_token = generate_agent_token()
        agent.agent_token_hash = hash_agent_token(raw_token)
        if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
            agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
        agent.provision_requested_at = utcnow()
        agent.provision_action = "provision"
        session_key, session_error = await self.ensure_gateway_session(
            agent.name,
            client_config,
        )
        agent.openclaw_session_id = session_key
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        return agent, raw_token, session_error

    async def record_session_creation(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        session_error: str | None,
    ) -> None:
        if session_error:
            record_activity(
                self.session,
                event_type="agent.session.failed",
                message=f"Session sync failed for {agent.name}: {session_error}",
                agent_id=agent.id,
            )
        else:
            record_activity(
                self.session,
                event_type="agent.session.created",
                message=f"Session created for {agent.name}.",
                agent_id=agent.id,
            )
        await self.session.commit()

    async def send_wakeup_message(
        self,
        agent: Agent,
        config: GatewayClientConfig,
        verb: str = "provisioned",
    ) -> None:
        session_key = agent.openclaw_session_id or self.build_session_key(agent.name)
        await ensure_session(session_key, config=config, label=agent.name)
        message = (
            f"Hello {agent.name}. Your workspace has been {verb}.\n\n"
            "Start the agent, run BOOT.md, and if BOOTSTRAP.md exists run it once "
            "then delete it. Begin heartbeats after startup."
        )
        await send_message(message, session_key=session_key, config=config, deliver=True)

    async def provision_new_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        request: AgentProvisionRequest,
        client_config: GatewayClientConfig,
    ) -> None:
        execution = BoardAgentProvisionExecution(
            service=self,
            agent=agent,
            provision_request=AgentUpdateProvisionRequest(
                target=AgentUpdateProvisionTarget(
                    is_main_agent=False,
                    board=request.board,
                    gateway=request.gateway,
                    client_config=client_config,
                ),
                raw_token=request.auth_token,
                user=request.user,
                force_bootstrap=request.options.force_bootstrap,
            ),
            action="provision",
            wakeup_verb="provisioned",
            raise_gateway_errors=False,
        )
        await execution.execute()

    async def validate_agent_update_inputs(
        self,
        *,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
        updates: dict[str, Any],
        make_main: bool | None,
    ) -> None:
        if make_main and not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        if "status" in updates:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
                detail="status is controlled by agent heartbeat",
            )
        if "board_id" in updates and updates["board_id"] is not None:
            new_board = await self.require_board(updates["board_id"])
            if new_board.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
            if not await has_board_access(
                self.session,
                member=ctx.member,
                board=new_board,
                write=True,
            ):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

    async def apply_agent_update_mutations(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        updates: dict[str, Any],
        make_main: bool | None,
    ) -> tuple[Gateway | None, Gateway | None]:
        main_gateway = await self.get_main_agent_gateway(agent)
        gateway_for_main: Gateway | None = None

        if make_main:
            board_source = updates.get("board_id") or agent.board_id
            board_for_main = await self.require_board(board_source)
            gateway_for_main, _ = await self.require_gateway(board_for_main)
            updates["board_id"] = None
            updates["gateway_id"] = gateway_for_main.id
            agent.is_board_lead = False
            agent.openclaw_session_id = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway_for_main)
            main_gateway = gateway_for_main
        elif make_main is not None:
            if "board_id" not in updates or updates["board_id"] is None:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                    detail=(
                        "board_id is required when converting a gateway-main agent "
                        "to board scope"
                    ),
                )
            board = await self.require_board(updates["board_id"])
            if board.gateway_id is None:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                    detail="Board gateway_id is required",
                )
            updates["gateway_id"] = board.gateway_id
            agent.openclaw_session_id = None

        if make_main is None and "board_id" in updates:
            board = await self.require_board(updates["board_id"])
            if board.gateway_id is None:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                    detail="Board gateway_id is required",
                )
            updates["gateway_id"] = board.gateway_id
        for key, value in updates.items():
            setattr(agent, key, value)

        if make_main is None and main_gateway is not None:
            agent.board_id = None
            agent.gateway_id = main_gateway.id
            agent.is_board_lead = False
        if make_main is False and agent.board_id is not None:
            board = await self.require_board(agent.board_id)
            if board.gateway_id is None:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                    detail="Board gateway_id is required",
                )
            agent.gateway_id = board.gateway_id
        agent.updated_at = utcnow()
        if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
            agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        return main_gateway, gateway_for_main

    async def resolve_agent_update_target(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        make_main: bool | None,
        main_gateway: Gateway | None,
        gateway_for_main: Gateway | None,
    ) -> AgentUpdateProvisionTarget:
        if make_main:
            if gateway_for_main is None:
                raise HTTPException(
                    status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                    detail="Gateway agent requires a gateway configuration",
                )
            return AgentUpdateProvisionTarget(
                is_main_agent=True,
                board=None,
                gateway=gateway_for_main,
                client_config=self.gateway_client_config(gateway_for_main),
            )

        if make_main is None and agent.board_id is None and main_gateway is not None:
            return AgentUpdateProvisionTarget(
                is_main_agent=True,
                board=None,
                gateway=main_gateway,
                client_config=self.gateway_client_config(main_gateway),
            )

        if agent.board_id is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="board_id is required for non-main agents",
            )
        board = await self.require_board(agent.board_id)
        gateway, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        return AgentUpdateProvisionTarget(
            is_main_agent=False,
            board=board,
            gateway=gateway,
            client_config=client_config,
        )

    async def ensure_agent_update_session(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        client_config: GatewayClientConfig,
    ) -> None:
        session_key = agent.openclaw_session_id or self.build_session_key(agent.name)
        try:
            await ensure_session(session_key, config=client_config, label=agent.name)
            if not agent.openclaw_session_id:
                agent.openclaw_session_id = session_key
                self.session.add(agent)
                await self.session.commit()
                await self.session.refresh(agent)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            self.record_instruction_failure(self.session, agent, str(exc), "update")
            await self.session.commit()

    @staticmethod
    def mark_agent_update_pending(agent: Agent) -> str:
        raw_token = generate_agent_token()
        agent.agent_token_hash = hash_agent_token(raw_token)
        agent.provision_requested_at = utcnow()
        agent.provision_action = "update"
        agent.status = "updating"
        return raw_token

    async def provision_updated_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        request: AgentUpdateProvisionRequest,
    ) -> None:
        execution: AbstractProvisionExecution
        if request.target.is_main_agent:
            execution = MainAgentProvisionExecution(
                service=self,
                agent=agent,
                provision_request=request,
                action="update",
                wakeup_verb="updated",
                raise_gateway_errors=True,
            )
        else:
            execution = BoardAgentProvisionExecution(
                service=self,
                agent=agent,
                provision_request=request,
                action="update",
                wakeup_verb="updated",
                raise_gateway_errors=True,
            )
        await execution.execute()

    @staticmethod
    def heartbeat_lookup_statement(payload: AgentHeartbeatCreate) -> SelectOfScalar[Agent]:
        statement = Agent.objects.filter_by(name=payload.name).statement
        if payload.board_id is not None:
            statement = statement.where(Agent.board_id == payload.board_id)
        return statement

    async def create_agent_from_heartbeat(
        self,
        *,
        payload: AgentHeartbeatCreate,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> Agent:
        if actor.actor_type == "agent":
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        if actor.actor_type == "user":
            ctx = await self.require_user_context(actor.user)
            if not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

        board = await self.require_board(
            payload.board_id,
            user=actor.user,
            write=True,
        )
        gateway, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        data: dict[str, Any] = {
            "name": payload.name,
            "board_id": board.id,
            "gateway_id": gateway.id,
            "heartbeat_config": DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy(),
        }
        agent, raw_token, session_error = await self.persist_new_agent(
            data=data,
            client_config=client_config,
        )
        await self.record_session_creation(
            agent=agent,
            session_error=session_error,
        )
        await self.provision_new_agent(
            agent=agent,
            request=AgentProvisionRequest(
                board=board,
                gateway=gateway,
                auth_token=raw_token,
                user=actor.user,
                options=ProvisionOptions(action="provision"),
            ),
            client_config=client_config,
        )
        return agent

    async def handle_existing_user_heartbeat_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        user: User | None,
    ) -> None:
        ctx = await self.require_user_context(user)
        await self.require_agent_access(agent=agent, ctx=ctx, write=True)

        if agent.agent_token_hash is not None:
            return

        raw_token = generate_agent_token()
        agent.agent_token_hash = hash_agent_token(raw_token)
        if agent.heartbeat_config is None:
            agent.heartbeat_config = DEFAULT_HEARTBEAT_CONFIG.copy()
        agent.provision_requested_at = utcnow()
        agent.provision_action = "provision"
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        board = await self.require_board(
            str(agent.board_id) if agent.board_id else None,
            user=user,
            write=True,
        )
        gateway, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        await self.provision_new_agent(
            agent=agent,
            request=AgentProvisionRequest(
                board=board,
                gateway=gateway,
                auth_token=raw_token,
                user=user,
                options=ProvisionOptions(action="provision"),
            ),
            client_config=client_config,
        )

    async def ensure_heartbeat_session_key(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> None:
        if agent.openclaw_session_id:
            return
        board = await self.require_board(
            str(agent.board_id) if agent.board_id else None,
            user=actor.user if actor.actor_type == "user" else None,
            write=actor.actor_type == "user",
        )
        _, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        session_key, session_error = await self.ensure_gateway_session(
            agent.name,
            client_config,
        )
        agent.openclaw_session_id = session_key
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.record_session_creation(
            agent=agent,
            session_error=session_error,
        )

    async def commit_heartbeat(
        self,
        *,
        agent: Agent,
        status_value: str | None,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        if status_value:
            agent.status = status_value
        elif agent.status == "provisioning":
            agent.status = "online"
        agent.last_seen_at = utcnow()
        agent.updated_at = utcnow()
        self.record_heartbeat(self.session, agent)
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        return self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent))

    async def list_agents(
        self,
        *,
        board_id: UUID | None,
        gateway_id: UUID | None,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
    ) -> LimitOffsetPage[AgentRead]:
        board_ids = await list_accessible_board_ids(self.session, member=ctx.member, write=False)
        if board_id is not None and board_id not in set(board_ids):
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        base_filters: list[ColumnElement[bool]] = []
        if board_ids:
            base_filters.append(col(Agent.board_id).in_(board_ids))
        if is_org_admin(ctx.member):
            gateways = await Gateway.objects.filter_by(
                organization_id=ctx.organization.id,
            ).all(self.session)
            gateway_ids = [gateway.id for gateway in gateways]
            if gateway_ids:
                base_filters.append(
                    (col(Agent.gateway_id).in_(gateway_ids)) & (col(Agent.board_id).is_(None)),
                )
        if base_filters:
            if len(base_filters) == 1:
                statement = select(Agent).where(base_filters[0])
            else:
                statement = select(Agent).where(or_(*base_filters))
        else:
            statement = select(Agent).where(col(Agent.id).is_(None))
        if board_id is not None:
            statement = statement.where(col(Agent.board_id) == board_id)
        if gateway_id is not None:
            gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(gateway_id).first(self.session)
            if gateway is None or gateway.organization_id != ctx.organization.id:
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
            gateway_board_ids = select(Board.id).where(col(Board.gateway_id) == gateway_id)
            statement = statement.where(
                or_(
                    col(Agent.board_id).in_(gateway_board_ids),
                    (col(Agent.gateway_id) == gateway_id) & (col(Agent.board_id).is_(None)),
                ),
            )
        statement = statement.order_by(col(Agent.created_at).desc())

        def _transform(items: Sequence[Any]) -> Sequence[Any]:
            agents = self.coerce_agent_items(items)
            return [self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent)) for agent in agents]

        return await paginate(self.session, statement, transformer=_transform)

    async def stream_agents(
        self,
        *,
        request: Request,
        board_id: UUID | None,
        since: str | None,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
    ) -> EventSourceResponse:
        since_dt = self.parse_since(since) or utcnow()
        last_seen = since_dt
        board_ids = await list_accessible_board_ids(self.session, member=ctx.member, write=False)
        allowed_ids = set(board_ids)
        if board_id is not None and board_id not in allowed_ids:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

        async def event_generator() -> AsyncIterator[dict[str, str]]:
            nonlocal last_seen
            while True:
                if await request.is_disconnected():
                    break
                async with async_session_maker() as stream_session:
                    stream_service = AgentLifecycleService(stream_session)
                    stream_service.logger = self.logger
                    if board_id is not None:
                        agents = await stream_service.fetch_agent_events(
                            board_id,
                            last_seen,
                        )
                    elif allowed_ids:
                        agents = await stream_service.fetch_agent_events(None, last_seen)
                        agents = [agent for agent in agents if agent.board_id in allowed_ids]
                    else:
                        agents = []
                for agent in agents:
                    updated_at = agent.updated_at or agent.last_seen_at or utcnow()
                    last_seen = max(updated_at, last_seen)
                    payload = {"agent": self.serialize_agent(agent)}
                    yield {"event": "agent", "data": json.dumps(payload)}
                await asyncio.sleep(2)

        return EventSourceResponse(event_generator(), ping=15)

    async def create_agent(
        self,
        *,
        payload: AgentCreate,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "agent.create.start actor_type=%s board_id=%s",
            actor.actor_type,
            payload.board_id,
        )
        payload = await self.coerce_agent_create_payload(payload, actor)

        board = await self.require_board(
            payload.board_id,
            user=actor.user if actor.actor_type == "user" else None,
            write=actor.actor_type == "user",
        )
        gateway, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        data = payload.model_dump()
        data["gateway_id"] = gateway.id
        requested_name = (data.get("name") or "").strip()
        await self.ensure_unique_agent_name(
            board=board,
            gateway=gateway,
            requested_name=requested_name,
        )
        agent, raw_token, session_error = await self.persist_new_agent(
            data=data,
            client_config=client_config,
        )
        await self.record_session_creation(
            agent=agent,
            session_error=session_error,
        )
        provision_request = AgentProvisionRequest(
            board=board,
            gateway=gateway,
            auth_token=raw_token,
            user=actor.user if actor.actor_type == "user" else None,
            options=ProvisionOptions(action="provision"),
        )
        await self.provision_new_agent(
            agent=agent,
            request=provision_request,
            client_config=client_config,
        )
        self.logger.info("agent.create.success agent_id=%s board_id=%s", agent.id, board.id)
        return self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent))

    async def get_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent_id: str,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        agent = await Agent.objects.by_id(agent_id).first(self.session)
        if agent is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        await self.require_agent_access(agent=agent, ctx=ctx, write=False)
        return self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent))

    async def update_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent_id: str,
        payload: AgentUpdate,
        options: AgentUpdateOptions,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        self.logger.log(5, "agent.update.start agent_id=%s force=%s", agent_id, options.force)
        agent = await Agent.objects.by_id(agent_id).first(self.session)
        if agent is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        await self.require_agent_access(agent=agent, ctx=options.context, write=True)
        updates = payload.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)
        make_main = updates.pop("is_gateway_main", None)
        await self.validate_agent_update_inputs(
            ctx=options.context,
            updates=updates,
            make_main=make_main,
        )
        if not updates and not options.force and make_main is None:
            return self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent))
        main_gateway, gateway_for_main = await self.apply_agent_update_mutations(
            agent=agent,
            updates=updates,
            make_main=make_main,
        )
        target = await self.resolve_agent_update_target(
            agent=agent,
            make_main=make_main,
            main_gateway=main_gateway,
            gateway_for_main=gateway_for_main,
        )
        await self.ensure_agent_update_session(
            agent=agent,
            client_config=target.client_config,
        )
        raw_token = self.mark_agent_update_pending(agent)
        self.session.add(agent)
        await self.session.commit()
        await self.session.refresh(agent)
        provision_request = AgentUpdateProvisionRequest(
            target=target,
            raw_token=raw_token,
            user=options.user,
            force_bootstrap=options.force,
        )
        await self.provision_updated_agent(
            agent=agent,
            request=provision_request,
        )
        self.logger.info("agent.update.success agent_id=%s", agent.id)
        return self.to_agent_read(self.with_computed_status(agent))

    async def heartbeat_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent_id: str,
        payload: AgentHeartbeat,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        self.logger.log(
            5, "agent.heartbeat.start agent_id=%s actor_type=%s", agent_id, actor.actor_type
        )
        agent = await Agent.objects.by_id(agent_id).first(self.session)
        if agent is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        if actor.actor_type == "agent" and actor.agent and actor.agent.id != agent.id:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        if actor.actor_type == "user":
            ctx = await self.require_user_context(actor.user)
            if not is_org_admin(ctx.member):
                raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
            await self.require_agent_access(agent=agent, ctx=ctx, write=True)
        return await self.commit_heartbeat(
            agent=agent,
            status_value=payload.status,
        )

    async def heartbeat_or_create_agent(
        self,
        *,
        payload: AgentHeartbeatCreate,
        actor: ActorContextLike,
    ) -> AgentRead:
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "agent.heartbeat_or_create.start actor_type=%s name=%s board_id=%s",
            actor.actor_type,
            payload.name,
            payload.board_id,
        )
        if actor.actor_type == "agent" and actor.agent:
            return await self.heartbeat_agent(
                agent_id=str(actor.agent.id),
                payload=AgentHeartbeat(status=payload.status),
                actor=actor,
            )

        agent = (await self.session.exec(self.heartbeat_lookup_statement(payload))).first()
        if agent is None:
            agent = await self.create_agent_from_heartbeat(
                payload=payload,
                actor=actor,
            )
        elif actor.actor_type == "user":
            await self.handle_existing_user_heartbeat_agent(
                agent=agent,
                user=actor.user,
            )
        elif actor.actor_type == "agent" and actor.agent and actor.agent.id != agent.id:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)

        await self.ensure_heartbeat_session_key(
            agent=agent,
            actor=actor,
        )
        return await self.commit_heartbeat(
            agent=agent,
            status_value=payload.status,
        )

    async def delete_agent(
        self,
        *,
        agent_id: str,
        ctx: OrganizationContext,
    ) -> OkResponse:
        self.logger.log(5, "agent.delete.start agent_id=%s", agent_id)
        agent = await Agent.objects.by_id(agent_id).first(self.session)
        if agent is None:
            return OkResponse()
        await self.require_agent_access(agent=agent, ctx=ctx, write=True)

        board = await self.require_board(str(agent.board_id) if agent.board_id else None)
        gateway, client_config = await self.require_gateway(board)
        try:
            workspace_path = await cleanup_agent(agent, gateway)
        except OpenClawGatewayError as exc:
            self.record_instruction_failure(self.session, agent, str(exc), "delete")
            await self.session.commit()
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail=f"Gateway cleanup failed: {exc}",
            ) from exc
        except (OSError, RuntimeError, ValueError) as exc:  # pragma: no cover
            self.record_instruction_failure(self.session, agent, str(exc), "delete")
            await self.session.commit()
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
                detail=f"Workspace cleanup failed: {exc}",
            ) from exc

        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="agent.delete.direct",
            message=f"Deleted agent {agent.name}.",
            agent_id=None,
        )
        now = utcnow()
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            Task,
            col(Task.assigned_agent_id) == agent.id,
            col(Task.status) == "in_progress",
            assigned_agent_id=None,
            status="inbox",
            in_progress_at=None,
            updated_at=now,
            commit=False,
        )
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            Task,
            col(Task.assigned_agent_id) == agent.id,
            col(Task.status) != "in_progress",
            assigned_agent_id=None,
            updated_at=now,
            commit=False,
        )
        await crud.update_where(
            self.session,
            ActivityEvent,
            col(ActivityEvent.agent_id) == agent.id,
            agent_id=None,
            commit=False,
        )
        await self.session.delete(agent)
        await self.session.commit()

        try:
            main_session = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway)
            if main_session and workspace_path:
                cleanup_message = (
                    "Cleanup request for deleted agent.\n\n"
                    f"Agent name: {agent.name}\n"
                    f"Agent id: {agent.id}\n"
                    f"Workspace path: {workspace_path}\n\n"
                    "Actions:\n"
                    "1) Remove the workspace directory.\n"
                    "2) Reply NO_REPLY.\n"
                )
                await ensure_session(main_session, config=client_config, label="Gateway Agent")
                await send_message(
                    cleanup_message,
                    session_key=main_session,
                    config=client_config,
                    deliver=False,
                )
        except (OSError, OpenClawGatewayError, ValueError):
            pass
        self.logger.info("agent.delete.success agent_id=%s", agent_id)
        return OkResponse()


class AbstractGatewayMessagingService(ABC):
    """Shared gateway messaging primitives with retry semantics."""

    def __init__(self, session: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = session
        self._logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    @property
    def session(self) -> AsyncSession:
        return self._session

    @session.setter
    def session(self, value: AsyncSession) -> None:
        self._session = value

    @property
    def logger(self) -> logging.Logger:
        return self._logger

    @logger.setter
    def logger(self, value: logging.Logger) -> None:
        self._logger = value

    @staticmethod
    async def _with_gateway_retry(fn: Callable[[], Awaitable[_T]]) -> _T:
        return await _with_coordination_gateway_retry(fn)

    async def _dispatch_gateway_message(
        self,
        *,
        session_key: str,
        config: GatewayClientConfig,
        agent_name: str,
        message: str,
        deliver: bool,
    ) -> None:
        async def _do_send() -> bool:
            await send_gateway_agent_message(
                session_key=session_key,
                config=config,
                agent_name=agent_name,
                message=message,
                deliver=deliver,
            )
            return True

        await self._with_gateway_retry(_do_send)


class GatewayCoordinationService(AbstractGatewayMessagingService):
    """Gateway-main and lead coordination workflows used by agent-facing routes."""

    @staticmethod
    def _build_gateway_lead_message(
        *,
        board: Board,
        actor_agent_name: str,
        kind: str,
        content: str,
        correlation_id: str | None,
        reply_tags: list[str] | None,
        reply_source: str | None,
    ) -> str:
        base_url = settings.base_url or "http://localhost:8000"
        header = "GATEWAY MAIN QUESTION" if kind == "question" else "GATEWAY MAIN HANDOFF"
        correlation = correlation_id.strip() if correlation_id else ""
        correlation_line = f"Correlation ID: {correlation}\n" if correlation else ""
        tags_json = json.dumps(reply_tags or ["gateway_main", "lead_reply"])
        source = reply_source or "lead_to_gateway_main"
        return (
            f"{header}\n"
            f"Board: {board.name}\n"
            f"Board ID: {board.id}\n"
            f"From agent: {actor_agent_name}\n"
            f"{correlation_line}\n"
            f"{content.strip()}\n\n"
            "Reply to the gateway agent by writing a NON-chat memory item on this board:\n"
            f"POST {base_url}/api/v1/agent/boards/{board.id}/memory\n"
            f'Body: {{"content":"...","tags":{tags_json},"source":"{source}"}}\n'
            "Do NOT reply in OpenClaw chat."
        )

    async def require_gateway_main_actor(
        self,
        actor_agent: Agent,
    ) -> tuple[Gateway, GatewayClientConfig]:
        detail = "Only the dedicated gateway agent may call this endpoint."
        if actor_agent.board_id is not None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail=detail)
        gateway = await Gateway.objects.by_id(actor_agent.gateway_id).first(self.session)
        if gateway is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail=detail)
        if actor_agent.openclaw_session_id != GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway):
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN, detail=detail)
        if not gateway.url:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Gateway url is required",
            )
        return gateway, GatewayClientConfig(url=gateway.url, token=gateway.token)

    async def require_gateway_board(
        self,
        *,
        gateway: Gateway,
        board_id: UUID | str,
    ) -> Board:
        board = await Board.objects.by_id(board_id).first(self.session)
        if board is None:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail="Board not found")
        if board.gateway_id != gateway.id:
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN)
        return board

    async def _board_agent_or_404(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        agent_id: str,
    ) -> Agent:
        target = await Agent.objects.by_id(agent_id).first(self.session)
        if target is None or (target.board_id and target.board_id != board.id):
            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
        return target

    @staticmethod
    def _gateway_file_content(payload: object) -> str | None:
        if isinstance(payload, str):
            return payload
        if isinstance(payload, dict):
            content = payload.get("content")
            if isinstance(content, str):
                return content
            file_obj = payload.get("file")
            if isinstance(file_obj, dict):
                nested = file_obj.get("content")
                if isinstance(nested, str):
                    return nested
        return None

    async def nudge_board_agent(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        actor_agent: Agent,
        target_agent_id: str,
        message: str,
        correlation_id: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(correlation_id, prefix="coord.nudge")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.nudge.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s "
            "target_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            actor_agent.id,
            target_agent_id,
        )
        target = await self._board_agent_or_404(board=board, agent_id=target_agent_id)
        if not target.openclaw_session_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Target agent has no session key",
            )
        _gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        try:
            await self._dispatch_gateway_message(
                session_key=target.openclaw_session_id or "",
                config=config,
                agent_name=target.name,
                message=message,
                deliver=True,
            )
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            record_activity(
                self.session,
                event_type="agent.nudge.failed",
                message=f"Nudge failed for {target.name}: {exc}",
                agent_id=actor_agent.id,
            )
            await self.session.commit()
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.coordination.nudge.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s "
                "target_agent_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                target_agent_id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(GatewayOperation.NUDGE_AGENT, exc) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.coordination.nudge.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "actor_agent_id=%s target_agent_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                target_agent_id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise
        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="agent.nudge.sent",
            message=f"Nudge sent to {target.name}.",
            agent_id=actor_agent.id,
        )
        await self.session.commit()
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.nudge.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s "
            "target_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            actor_agent.id,
            target_agent_id,
        )

    async def get_agent_soul(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        target_agent_id: str,
        correlation_id: str | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(correlation_id, prefix="coord.soul.read")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.soul_read.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s target_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            target_agent_id,
        )
        target = await self._board_agent_or_404(board=board, agent_id=target_agent_id)
        _gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        try:

            async def _do_get() -> object:
                return await openclaw_call(
                    "agents.files.get",
                    {"agentId": _agent_key(target), "name": "SOUL.md"},
                    config=config,
                )

            payload = await self._with_gateway_retry(_do_get)
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.coordination.soul_read.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "target_agent_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                target_agent_id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(GatewayOperation.SOUL_READ, exc) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.coordination.soul_read.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "target_agent_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                target_agent_id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise
        content = self._gateway_file_content(payload)
        if content is None:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_502_BAD_GATEWAY,
                detail="Invalid gateway response",
            )
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.soul_read.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s target_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            target_agent_id,
        )
        return content

    async def update_agent_soul(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        target_agent_id: str,
        content: str,
        reason: str | None,
        source_url: str | None,
        actor_agent_id: UUID,
        correlation_id: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(correlation_id, prefix="coord.soul.write")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.soul_write.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s target_agent_id=%s "
            "actor_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            target_agent_id,
            actor_agent_id,
        )
        target = await self._board_agent_or_404(board=board, agent_id=target_agent_id)
        normalized_content = content.strip()
        if not normalized_content:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="content is required",
            )

        target.soul_template = normalized_content
        target.updated_at = utcnow()
        self.session.add(target)
        await self.session.commit()

        _gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        try:

            async def _do_set() -> object:
                return await openclaw_call(
                    "agents.files.set",
                    {
                        "agentId": _agent_key(target),
                        "name": "SOUL.md",
                        "content": normalized_content,
                    },
                    config=config,
                )

            await self._with_gateway_retry(_do_set)
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.coordination.soul_write.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "target_agent_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                target_agent_id,
                actor_agent_id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(GatewayOperation.SOUL_WRITE, exc) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.coordination.soul_write.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "target_agent_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                target_agent_id,
                actor_agent_id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise

        reason_text = (reason or "").strip()
        source_url_text = (source_url or "").strip()
        note = f"SOUL.md updated for {target.name}."
        if reason_text:
            note = f"{note} Reason: {reason_text}"
        if source_url_text:
            note = f"{note} Source: {source_url_text}"
        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="agent.soul.updated",
            message=note,
            agent_id=actor_agent_id,
        )
        await self.session.commit()
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.soul_write.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s target_agent_id=%s "
            "actor_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            target_agent_id,
            actor_agent_id,
        )

    async def ask_user_via_gateway_main(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        payload: GatewayMainAskUserRequest,
        actor_agent: Agent,
    ) -> GatewayMainAskUserResponse:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(payload.correlation_id, prefix="coord.ask_user")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.ask_user.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            actor_agent.id,
        )
        gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        main_session_key = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway)

        correlation = payload.correlation_id.strip() if payload.correlation_id else ""
        correlation_line = f"Correlation ID: {correlation}\n" if correlation else ""
        preferred_channel = (payload.preferred_channel or "").strip()
        channel_line = f"Preferred channel: {preferred_channel}\n" if preferred_channel else ""
        tags = payload.reply_tags or ["gateway_main", "user_reply"]
        tags_json = json.dumps(tags)
        reply_source = payload.reply_source or "user_via_gateway_main"
        base_url = settings.base_url or "http://localhost:8000"
        message = (
            "LEAD REQUEST: ASK USER\n"
            f"Board: {board.name}\n"
            f"Board ID: {board.id}\n"
            f"From lead: {actor_agent.name}\n"
            f"{correlation_line}"
            f"{channel_line}\n"
            f"{payload.content.strip()}\n\n"
            "Please reach the user via your configured OpenClaw channel(s) "
            "(Slack/SMS/etc).\n"
            "If you cannot reach them there, post the question in Mission Control "
            "board chat as a fallback.\n\n"
            "When you receive the answer, reply in Mission Control by writing a "
            "NON-chat memory item on this board:\n"
            f"POST {base_url}/api/v1/agent/boards/{board.id}/memory\n"
            f'Body: {{"content":"<answer>","tags":{tags_json},"source":"{reply_source}"}}\n'
            "Do NOT reply in OpenClaw chat."
        )
        try:
            await self._dispatch_gateway_message(
                session_key=main_session_key,
                config=config,
                agent_name="Gateway Agent",
                message=message,
                deliver=True,
            )
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            record_activity(
                self.session,
                event_type="gateway.lead.ask_user.failed",
                message=f"Lead user question failed for {board.name}: {exc}",
                agent_id=actor_agent.id,
            )
            await self.session.commit()
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.coordination.ask_user.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s "
                "error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(
                GatewayOperation.ASK_USER_DISPATCH,
                exc,
            ) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.coordination.ask_user.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "actor_agent_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise

        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="gateway.lead.ask_user.sent",
            message=f"Lead requested user info via gateway agent for board: {board.name}.",
            agent_id=actor_agent.id,
        )
        main_agent = await Agent.objects.filter_by(gateway_id=gateway.id, board_id=None).first(
            self.session,
        )
        await self.session.commit()
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.ask_user.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s "
            "main_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            actor_agent.id,
            main_agent.id if main_agent else None,
        )
        return GatewayMainAskUserResponse(
            board_id=board.id,
            main_agent_id=main_agent.id if main_agent else None,
            main_agent_name=main_agent.name if main_agent else None,
        )

    async def _ensure_and_message_board_lead(
        self,
        *,
        gateway: Gateway,
        config: GatewayClientConfig,
        board: Board,
        message: str,
    ) -> tuple[Agent, bool]:
        lead, lead_created = await ensure_board_lead_agent(
            self.session,
            request=LeadAgentRequest(
                board=board,
                gateway=gateway,
                config=config,
                user=None,
                options=LeadAgentOptions(action="provision"),
            ),
        )
        if not lead.openclaw_session_id:
            raise HTTPException(
                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,
                detail="Lead agent has no session key",
            )
        await self._dispatch_gateway_message(
            session_key=lead.openclaw_session_id or "",
            config=config,
            agent_name=lead.name,
            message=message,
            deliver=False,
        )
        return lead, lead_created

    async def message_gateway_board_lead(
        self,
        *,
        actor_agent: Agent,
        board_id: UUID,
        payload: GatewayLeadMessageRequest,
    ) -> GatewayLeadMessageResponse:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(payload.correlation_id, prefix="coord.lead_message")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.lead_message.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board_id,
            actor_agent.id,
        )
        gateway, config = await self.require_gateway_main_actor(actor_agent)
        board = await self.require_gateway_board(gateway=gateway, board_id=board_id)
        message = self._build_gateway_lead_message(
            board=board,
            actor_agent_name=actor_agent.name,
            kind=payload.kind,
            content=payload.content,
            correlation_id=payload.correlation_id,
            reply_tags=payload.reply_tags,
            reply_source=payload.reply_source,
        )

        try:
            lead, lead_created = await self._ensure_and_message_board_lead(
                gateway=gateway,
                config=config,
                board=board,
                message=message,
            )
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            record_activity(
                self.session,
                event_type="gateway.main.lead_message.failed",
                message=f"Lead message failed for {board.name}: {exc}",
                agent_id=actor_agent.id,
            )
            await self.session.commit()
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.coordination.lead_message.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "actor_agent_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(
                GatewayOperation.LEAD_MESSAGE_DISPATCH,
                exc,
            ) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.coordination.lead_message.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "actor_agent_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                actor_agent.id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise

        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="gateway.main.lead_message.sent",
            message=f"Sent {payload.kind} to lead for board: {board.name}.",
            agent_id=actor_agent.id,
        )
        await self.session.commit()
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.lead_message.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
            "actor_agent_id=%s lead_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            actor_agent.id,
            lead.id,
        )
        return GatewayLeadMessageResponse(
            board_id=board.id,
            lead_agent_id=lead.id,
            lead_agent_name=lead.name,
            lead_created=lead_created,
        )

    async def broadcast_gateway_lead_message(
        self,
        *,
        actor_agent: Agent,
        payload: GatewayLeadBroadcastRequest,
    ) -> GatewayLeadBroadcastResponse:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(payload.correlation_id, prefix="coord.lead_broadcast")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.coordination.lead_broadcast.start trace_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            actor_agent.id,
        )
        gateway, config = await self.require_gateway_main_actor(actor_agent)
        statement = (
            select(Board)
            .where(col(Board.gateway_id) == gateway.id)
            .order_by(col(Board.created_at).desc())
        )
        if payload.board_ids:
            statement = statement.where(col(Board.id).in_(payload.board_ids))
        boards = list(await self.session.exec(statement))

        results: list[GatewayLeadBroadcastBoardResult] = []
        sent = 0
        failed = 0

        for board in boards:
            message = self._build_gateway_lead_message(
                board=board,
                actor_agent_name=actor_agent.name,
                kind=payload.kind,
                content=payload.content,
                correlation_id=payload.correlation_id,
                reply_tags=payload.reply_tags,
                reply_source=payload.reply_source,
            )
            try:
                lead, _lead_created = await self._ensure_and_message_board_lead(
                    gateway=gateway,
                    config=config,
                    board=board,
                    message=message,
                )
                board_result = GatewayLeadBroadcastBoardResult(
                    board_id=board.id,
                    lead_agent_id=lead.id,
                    lead_agent_name=lead.name,
                    ok=True,
                )
                sent += 1
            except (HTTPException, OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError, ValueError) as exc:
                board_result = GatewayLeadBroadcastBoardResult(
                    board_id=board.id,
                    ok=False,
                    error=map_gateway_error_message(
                        GatewayOperation.LEAD_BROADCAST_DISPATCH,
                        exc,
                    ),
                )
                failed += 1
            results.append(board_result)

        record_activity(
            self.session,
            event_type="gateway.main.lead_broadcast.sent",
            message=f"Broadcast {payload.kind} to {sent} board leads (failed: {failed}).",
            agent_id=actor_agent.id,
        )
        await self.session.commit()
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.coordination.lead_broadcast.success trace_id=%s actor_agent_id=%s sent=%s "
            "failed=%s",
            trace_id,
            actor_agent.id,
            sent,
            failed,
        )
        return GatewayLeadBroadcastResponse(
            ok=True,
            sent=sent,
            failed=failed,
            results=results,
        )


class BoardOnboardingMessagingService(AbstractGatewayMessagingService):
    """Gateway message dispatch helpers for onboarding routes."""

    async def dispatch_start_prompt(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        prompt: str,
        correlation_id: str | None = None,
    ) -> str:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(correlation_id, prefix="onboarding.start")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.onboarding.start_dispatch.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
        )
        gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        session_key = GatewayAgentIdentity.session_key(gateway)
        try:
            await self._dispatch_gateway_message(
                session_key=session_key,
                config=config,
                agent_name="Gateway Agent",
                message=prompt,
                deliver=False,
            )
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.onboarding.start_dispatch.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(
                GatewayOperation.ONBOARDING_START_DISPATCH,
                exc,
            ) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.onboarding.start_dispatch.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.onboarding.start_dispatch.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s session_key=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            session_key,
        )
        return session_key

    async def dispatch_answer(
        self,
        *,
        board: Board,
        onboarding: BoardOnboardingSession,
        answer_text: str,
        correlation_id: str | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        trace_id = resolve_trace_id(correlation_id, prefix="onboarding.answer")
        self.logger.log(
            5,
            "gateway.onboarding.answer_dispatch.start trace_id=%s board_id=%s onboarding_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            onboarding.id,
        )
        _gateway, config = await require_gateway_config_for_board(self.session, board)
        try:
            await self._dispatch_gateway_message(
                session_key=onboarding.session_key,
                config=config,
                agent_name="Gateway Agent",
                message=answer_text,
                deliver=False,
            )
        except (OpenClawGatewayError, TimeoutError) as exc:
            self.logger.error(
                "gateway.onboarding.answer_dispatch.failed trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "onboarding_id=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                onboarding.id,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise map_gateway_error_to_http_exception(
                GatewayOperation.ONBOARDING_ANSWER_DISPATCH,
                exc,
            ) from exc
        except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - defensive guard
            self.logger.critical(
                "gateway.onboarding.answer_dispatch.failed_unexpected trace_id=%s board_id=%s "
                "onboarding_id=%s error_type=%s error=%s",
                trace_id,
                board.id,
                onboarding.id,
                exc.__class__.__name__,
                str(exc),
            )
            raise
        self.logger.info(
            "gateway.onboarding.answer_dispatch.success trace_id=%s board_id=%s onboarding_id=%s",
            trace_id,
            board.id,
            onboarding.id,
        )